Introduction

Complex chest wall deformities generally refer to conditions where both concave and convex deformities are present on the anterior chest wall. While certain malformations, such as grooved chest, saddle chest, Wenlin chest, and Poland syndrome, also exhibit both depressions and protrusions, they are not classified as complex deformities due to their distinct appearance and fixed patterns of concavity and convexity. It is essential to distinguish these malformations from true complex chest wall deformities.

In contrast, complex chest wall deformities is more intricate and variable. The appearance of the deformities, and the manifestations of the depressions and protrusions varies from person to person, with no consistent pattern. Generally, this term encompasses a broad range of abnormal chest wall conditions characterized by both concave and convex deformities in diverse and complex forms.

Symptoms

The distinguishing feature of complex chest wall deformities is the significant abnormality in the appearance of the chest wall. These visible differences often cause patients to experience deep anxiety and feelings of inferiority, making them hesitant and reluctant to engage in social activities. This psychological stress is often the main reason why many patients seek treatment.

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Moreover, if the indentations of complex chest wall deformities substantially compress the heart and lungs, it may lead to respiratory and circulatory symptoms similar to pectus excavatum. These symptoms include chest tightness, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulty, which can significantly affect the quality of patients’ daily life.

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